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A cystic hygroma, also known as cystic lymphangioma and macrocystic lymphatic malformation, is an often congenital multiloculated lymphatic lesion that can arise anywhere, but is classically found in the left posterior triangle of the neck and armpits. This is the most common form of lymphangioma. It contains large cyst-like cavities containing lymph, a watery fluid that circulates throughout the lymphatic system. Microscopically, cystic hygroma consists of multiple locules filled with lymph. In the depth, the locules are quite big but they decrease in size towards the surface. Cystic hygromas are benign, but can be disfiguring. It is a condition which usually affects children; very rarely it can present in adulthood. Cystic hygroma is also known as lymphatic malformation. Currently, the medical field prefers to use the term lymphatic malformation because the term cystic hygroma means water tumor . Lymphatic malformation is more commonly used now because it is a sponge-like collection of abnormal growth that contains clear lymphatic fluid. The fluid collects within the cysts or channels, usually in the soft tissue. Cystic hygromas occur when the lymphatic vessels that make up the lymphatic system are not formed properly. There are two types of lymphatic malformations. They are macrocystic lymphatic malformations, large cysts, and microcystic, small cysts. A person may have only one kind of the malformation or can have a mixture of both macro and micro cysts. Cystic hygroma can be associated with a nuchal lymphangioma or a fetal hydrops.〔Schwartz's principles of surgery: self assessment and board review, 8th edition, chapter 38, page 257; textbook p.1476〕 Additionally, it can be associated with Turner syndrome or with Noonan syndrome. A lethal version〔http://www.orpha.net/consor/www/cgi-bin/OC_Exp.php?lng=EN&Expert=2193〕 of this condition is known as Cowchock Wapner Kurtz syndrome that, in addition to cystic hygroma, includes cleft palate and lymphedema, a condition of localized edema and tissue swelling caused by a compromised lymphatic system.〔Syndromes By Bruno Bissonnette, Igor Luginbuehl, Bernard J. Dalens, Bruno Marciniak, http://books.google.com.au/books?id=uRR1MYa-w5wC&pg=PT235&lpg=PT235&dq=%22Cowchock+Wapner+Kurtz+syndrome%22&source=bl&ots=bEeJU7SsDU&sig=EzUmEHwBeRmM-atleoQxSc0fxuw&hl=en&ei=TR4zSr2iApPusQOOqdHYDg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=7#PPT235,M1〕 == Signs and Symptoms == Cystic hygromas are increasingly diagnosed by prenatal ultrasonography. A common symptom is a neck growth. It may be found at birth, or discovered later in an infant after an upper respiratory tract infection. Cystic hygromas can grow very large and may affect breathing and swallowing. Some symptoms may include a mass or lump in the mouth, neck, cheek, or tongue. It feels like a large fluid-filled sac. In addition, cystic hygromas can be found in other body parts such as the arm, chest, legs, groin, and buttocks. Cystic hygromas are also often seen in Turner's syndrome, although a patient who does not have Turner's syndrome can present with this condition. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「cystic hygroma」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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